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Women's Health · Hormones & Blood Tests

Your hormones change with every season of life — here's how to read them

Irregular periods, hot flushes, low energy, mood shifts, trouble conceiving — they often trace back to a handful of hormones. Here's what each one does, when in your cycle to test, and how to understand the numbers.

See where to get tested — UK · US · Worldwide ↓

Does this sound like you?

The signs your hormones may be shifting

Hormone changes rarely arrive with a label. They show up as everyday things easy to brush off as stress or “just getting older”:

Irregular or changing periods
Hot flushes & night sweats
Brain fog & poor focus
Low mood & anxiety
Persistent fatigue & low energy
Trouble sleeping
Weight changes & bloating
Low libido or trouble conceiving

One or two can be completely normal. Several together, lasting for weeks, are worth understanding — and that starts with the hormones behind them.

Your hormones, at a glance

What each hormone does — and what low or high can look like

A single hormone rarely tells the whole story. Here's the bigger picture in one view.

Hormone
What it does
If it's LOW
If it's HIGH
OestradiolOestrogen (E2)
What it doesThe main oestrogen — drives your cycle, mood, bones, skin and vaginal health.
If lowHot flushes, night sweats, dryness, low mood, poor sleep, bone loss (perimenopause & menopause)
If highBloating, breast tenderness, heavy periods
ProgesteroneThe “calming” hormone
What it doesRises after ovulation; supports sleep, mood and the womb lining.
If lowShort cycles, spotting, anxiety, poor sleep, difficulty conceiving — may mean no ovulation
If highUsually only in pregnancy or with supplements
FSHFollicle-stimulating hormone
What it doesThe brain's signal that grows an egg follicle each month.
If lowWith low LH, can point to a pituitary or hypothalamic cause
If highRising FSH suggests declining egg reserve or (peri)menopause
LHLuteinising hormone
What it doesTriggers ovulation — it surges mid-cycle.
If lowOvulation or cycle problems
If highWith high FSH: menopause. A high LH-to-FSH ratio can point to PCOS
Testosterone+ SHBG
What it doesWomen need a little — for libido, energy, mood and muscle.
If lowLow libido, low energy, low mood
If highAcne, unwanted hair, irregular periods — a key marker in PCOS
AMHAnti-Müllerian hormone
What it doesReflects your egg reserve — and stays steady across the cycle.
If lowLower ovarian reserve — useful for fertility planning
If highCan be seen in PCOS
ProlactinPituitary hormone
What it doesNormally low; high levels can switch off ovulation.
If lowRarely a problem
If highIrregular or absent periods, milky discharge, trouble conceiving
ThyroidTSH
What it doesSets your metabolic “speed” — energy, weight, mood and cycles.
If low (high TSH)Fatigue, weight gain, low mood, heavy or irregular periods — mimics perimenopause
If over-activeAnxiety, weight loss, palpitations
Signs a level may be too lowSigns a level may be too highEducational only — not a diagnosis.

The part most people miss

When in your cycle to test

For women, timing matters as much as the test. The same hormone reads very differently depending on the day — so a result is only meaningful when it's taken on the right day.

Day 2–5
Baseline check
FSH, LH, oestradiol, prolactin & testosterone — measured early in your period, at their baseline.
~Day 21
Did you ovulate?
Progesterone — taken about 7 days before your next period to confirm ovulation.
Any day
Egg reserve & thyroid
AMH (your egg reserve) and thyroid (TSH) stay steady, so they can be tested at any point.
No periods?
Test any time
If your periods have stopped or are very irregular, any day works — just note your situation.

Always note the date of your last period when you test — it's what makes your results readable. And a NICE-backed point worth knowing: if you're over 45 with typical menopause symptoms, a blood test often isn't needed to diagnose perimenopause — though it's still useful to rule out thyroid problems, and more helpful if you're under 45 or things are unclear.

Reading the numbers

Why there's no single “normal”

Unlike many blood tests, women's hormones don't have one fixed target. Your numbers depend on your cycle day, your age and whether you've reached menopause — so the same value can be perfectly normal or a red flag depending on context.

Illustrative only — ranges vary by laboratory, cycle phase, age and assay, and a result “in range” doesn't rule out a problem if you have symptoms. Always interpret with a doctor.
Sources: NHS · NICE · Society for Endocrinology / Endocrine Society.

Ovulation (progesterone)
Above ~30 nmol/L mid-luteal — suggests you ovulated
Menopause (FSH)
Raised, often > 30 IU/L with no periods — supports menopause
Oestradiol
Swings across the cycle lowest after menopause

When you're ready to check

Where to get tested

Trusted at-home & lab services that test these hormones for women — compared at a glance, grouped by region.

Provider
What's tested
Sample
Results
United Kingdom
UKMedichecksMost flexible
What's testedFemale hormone, menopause & fertility panels — FSH, LH, oestradiol, prolactin, testosterone, thyroid
SampleFinger-prick or nurse
Results~2 days, doctor-reviewed
UKHertilityWomen's specialist
What's testedAt-home hormone & fertility test (incl. AMH), built around women's reproductive health
SampleFinger-prick
ResultsOnline report + gynae care
UKForthEasy to track
What's testedFemale hormone & menopause panels, basic to advanced
SampleFinger-prick
ResultsOnline with guidance
United States
USAEverlywellSimplest start
What's testedWomen's Health & Fertility tests — oestradiol, LH, FSH, TSH, testosterone, progesterone
SampleAt-home · telehealth
ResultsA few days · HSA/FSA
USAModern FertilityFertility focus
What's testedFertility hormone panel — AMH, FSH, oestradiol, LH, TSH & more, with a tracking app
SampleAt-home / lab
ResultsOnline + app
USAmyLAB BoxFully at-home
What's testedAt-home women's hormone & perimenopause test kits (FSH, LH, oestradiol, testosterone)
SampleAt-home
ResultsA few days · HSA/FSA
Worldwide · incl. Europe
WorldwideLetsGetCheckedNurse support
What's testedAt-home female hormone, perimenopause & PCOS tests (oestradiol, FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone)
SampleAt-home · many countries
Results2–5 days · 24/7 nurse
WorldwideCerascreenEurope-wide
What's testedAt-home saliva hormone tests — oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone & cortisol
SampleAt-home saliva · ships across Europe
ResultsOnline report

Affiliate links — we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Only providers we consider reputable are listed.

Why you can trust this guide

Honest, evidence-based, and on your side

Built on officially recognised medical information — guidance from the NHS, NICE and the Society for Endocrinology. We explain what tests measure and what results can mean; we don't diagnose, and we never publish dosing or treatment protocols.

Affiliate disclosure: some provider links are affiliate links and we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. This never changes which services we list — only ones we consider reputable appear here.

Written by M. Videika — The Hormone Blueprint. Educational only; not a substitute for advice from your doctor.

Do I need to test on a specific day of my cycle?

Usually yes. FSH, LH and oestradiol are best on days 2–5 (ideally day 3); progesterone is taken about 7 days before your next period to confirm ovulation. AMH and thyroid can be tested any day.

How do I know if it's perimenopause?

Mostly from your symptoms and age. If you're over 45 with typical symptoms, a blood test often isn't needed to diagnose perimenopause — but it can rule out thyroid issues, and FSH is more useful if you're under 45 or your picture is unclear.

Can I test if I'm on the pill or other contraception?

Hormonal contraception changes these results, so many providers suggest testing during a break or using a different approach. Check the provider's guidance and your doctor before testing on the pill.

Can a blood test check my egg count?

AMH gives a useful estimate of your ovarian reserve (roughly how many eggs you have left) and stays stable across the cycle, so it can be tested any day. It doesn't predict natural fertility on its own.

Which test should I choose — fertility, menopause or general?

It depends on your question. Fertility/AMH panels suit family planning; menopause panels (FSH, LH, oestradiol + thyroid) suit changing periods and hot flushes; a general female hormone panel is a good all-round starting point.

Could my symptoms be my thyroid, not my hormones?

Quite possibly — an underactive thyroid causes fatigue, weight gain, low mood and irregular periods that look a lot like perimenopause. That's why good panels include thyroid (TSH) alongside reproductive hormones.

Do I need a doctor's referral?

No — the services above let you order privately online. But results are best interpreted with a doctor, especially if anything is borderline or you have symptoms.

What if my periods are irregular or absent?

Then there's no “day 3” to aim for — test any day and simply note that your periods are irregular or have stopped. Irregular cycles are themselves a reason to check hormones and thyroid.

Are at-home hormone tests accurate?

Reputable providers use accredited laboratories, so the analysis is reliable. The biggest variables are the timing in your cycle and how the sample is collected — so follow the instructions and confirm important results with your doctor.

What should I do if a result is out of range?

Don't panic and don't start any treatment on your own. Take your results to a doctor — a single reading isn't a diagnosis, and they'll look at your symptoms and the wider picture before advising anything.

Not sure where to start?

Take the free 3-minute Hormone Quiz

Answer a few questions about your cycle and symptoms — get a personalised read on what might be going on. No blood, no email required.