What are the symptoms of PCOS?

The main signs of PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) are irregular or absent periods, signs of excess male hormones (acne, excess facial or body hair), and difficulty losing weight — often alongside trouble conceiving.

PCOS is a common hormonal condition, usually diagnosed when at least two of three features are present: irregular or infrequent periods (from ovulation not happening regularly); higher androgens, shown by blood tests or by symptoms like acne, oily skin, excess hair growth (hirsutism), or scalp hair thinning; and polycystic ovaries on a scan. Many women with PCOS also have insulin resistance, which makes weight gain easier and links PCOS to longer-term risks like type 2 diabetes. Symptoms vary widely — some women have mainly skin and hair signs, others mainly cycle and fertility issues.

Because the symptoms overlap with other conditions (including thyroid problems), PCOS needs a proper medical diagnosis rather than self-labelling.

What to do: if you have irregular periods plus acne, excess hair, or trouble with weight, see your GP — PCOS is diagnosed with a history, blood tests, and sometimes a scan. It's very manageable: the cornerstones are managing insulin resistance (through diet, movement, and sometimes medication), plus targeted treatment for periods, skin, hair, or fertility as needed. Earlier diagnosis helps protect long-term health.